Sejarah Jaringan Komputer

Sejarah jaringan komputer global (dunia), dimulai pada tahun 1969. Saat itu Departemen Pertahan Amerika membentuk Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA) yang bertujuan mengadakan riset mengenai cara menghubungkan sejumlah komputer sehingga membentuk jaringan. Program riset ini kemudian dikenal dengan nama ARPANET ( Advance Research Projects Agency Network).

- Tahun 1950-an, ditemukan konsep distribusi proses berdasarkan waktu yang dikenal dengan nama TSS (Time Sharing System), maka untuk pertama kali bentuk jaringan (network) komputer diaplikasikan. Pada sistem TSS beberapa terminal terhubung secara seri ke sebuah host komputer. Dalam proses TSS mulai nampak perpaduan teknologi komputer dan teknologi telekomunikasi yang pada awalnya berkembang sendiri-sendiri.

- Tahun 1970, lebih dari 10 komputer telah berhasil dihubungkan (satu dengan yang lain), saling berkomunikasi, dan membentuk sebuah jaringan organik.

- Tahun 1972, Roy Tomlinson berhasil menyempurnakan program e-mail untuk riset ARPANET.

- Tahun 1973, jaringan komputer yang diberi nama ARPANET mulai dikembangkan meluas sampai luar Amerika Serikat. Komputer di University College di London merupakan komputer diluar Amerika yang menjadi anggota jaringan ARPANET. Kemudian dua orang ahli komputer Vinton Cerf dan Bob Khan mempresentasikan sebuah gagasan yang lebih besar yang menjadi cikal bakal pemikiran International Network ide ini dipresentasikan untuk pertama kalinya di Sussex University.

- Tahun 1977, lebih dari 100 komputer telah bergabung dalam sistem ARPANET dan membentuk sebuah jaringan atau Network.

- Tahun 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, dan Steve Bellovin menciptakan Newsgroups pertama yang diberi nama USENET (User Network).

- Tahun 1981, France Telecom menciptakan sebuah gebrakan baru dengan meluncurkan telepon televisi pertama dunia (orang dapat saling menelepon sambil berinteraksi denagan Video link).

- Tahun 1982, dibentuk sebuah komisi Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) atau lebih dikenal dengan sebutan Internet Protocol (IP). Di Eropa muncul sebuah jaringan tandingan yang dikenal dengan Europe Network (EUNET) yang meliputi wilayah Belanda, Inggris, Denmark, dan Swedia. Jaringan EUNET ini menyediakan jasa e-mail dan newsgroup USENET.

- Tahun 1984, diperkenalkan sistem dengan nama DOMAIN yang lebih dikenal dengan Domain Name System (DNS). Dengan sistem DNS, komputer yang tersambung dengan jaringan melebihi 1.000 komputer.

- Tahun 1987, diperkirakan komputer yang tersambung ke jaringan melonjak 10 kali lipat menjadi 10.000 komputer lebih.

- Tahun 1988, Jarkko Oikarinen berkebangsaan Finlandia menemukan sekaligus memperkenalkan Internet Relay Chat atau lebih dikenal dengan IRC yang memungkinkan dua orang atau lebih pengguna komputer dapat berinteraksi secara langsung dengan pengiriman pesan (Chatting).
- Tahun 1989, jumlah komputer yang saling berhubungan melonjak 10 kali lipat, tak kurang dari 100.000 komputer membentuk sebuah jaringan.

- Tahun 1990, Tim Berners Lee merancang sebuah programe editor dan browser yang dapat menjelajai komputer yang satu dengan yang lainnya dengan membentuk jaringan. Program inilah yang disebut WWW atau World Wide Web.

- Tahun 1992, komputer yang saling tersambung membentuk jaringan sudah melampaui lebih dari satu juta komputer.

- Tahun 1994, situs-situs dunia mulai tumbuh dengan dan bentuk pertama kalinya Virtual Shopping atau e-retail muncul diberbagai situs.

Tracking to Waterfall in Foot of a “Gunung Gede”

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Cross country for short in time is a challenge adventure…. For the mountain climber or someone who like cross country,,, climb “Gunung Gede” the located in “Gede Pangrango National Park,,, West Java will be please….

People can arrive here with private or public vehicle… In National Park area,, place for spend the night is available,, such as the guest house or camp… That’s all place in the valley with peak of a “Gunung Gede” and “Pangrango” view... Fog and cold wind often be met…

We can do tracking for one day,, but we must buy the ticket to get permit for climb until the waterfall... Enjoy around the situation consist of heavy and cool forest, sometimes we can look monkeys or hear their screams from the trees…

Many kinds of plant are met here like “pakis” and “kantong semar”…. Enter the waterfall area we can look row of wood arranged so neat,,, suddenly the air like open and we can hear the thundering of waterfall… We can look the clear and cold water from height 50 mete... If we want enjoy the coldly of waterfall we can take a bath under the waterfall...

Tanjung Pasir Resort in the Dragon Bay

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Tanjung Pasir Resort is family tourism place. In there has many pools which use as dam of Vannamae (Bandeng fish). Tanjung Pasir Resort also has unique Restaurant and Cafe, are among the pools. Because that fun fishing is due activities in there. Whole family can fishing in two pools. First pool is for beginner fisherman,its contents are Bandeng fish. And the second pool is for serious fisherman, its contents are a white kakap.

After fishing, the whole family can eat in Chanos Cafe and Vannamae Restaurant. Chanos Cafe is the right choice for relax. The cafe is on the water give us a cozy atmosphere. You can relax and enjoy the snack, favorite soft drink, or wine. In the corner of the cafe you can play billiard.

For main course you can get in Vannamae Restaurant it build in the center of the pool. The restaurant have unique building. If we want to go to the restaurant we must cross the bridge which decorates by hundreds of orchids all the side.

Kotok Island,, North of Jakarta

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In this part I’m not to tell about facilities or any kinds of activity in tourism place but I want to tell about save preservation of tourism place
Kotok Island is part of Kepulauan Seribu National Park,,,, of the thousand Island,, which really is about 110 island and dwindling....Once at Kotok Island,, the birds spend their first few days in quarantine,, before moving into the sosialization cages,,, then to the release cages,,, which are located at the ea edge where they learn to fish before being released...Because they are taken from the nest when just fledgling...Besides that this is any rehabilitation program….

• Marine Protection
• Recycling and waste Management
• Nurseries for mangrove trees for mangrove rehabilitation

In addition to the educational aspect of this project,, not only not only snorkeling and diving but also sunbathing and hiking around the island.

Revival of Trusmi

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“Batik Trusmi” is a handy craft from Cirebon.... “Batik Trusmi” made with method,,
the lines they copy with their “canting” accurately followed the lines on the cloths.... After that several parts should be covered with “malam”,,, and dye with the natural dye... And the dyeing process in not simple.... Generally,, three types of dyes are use in “batik”....

• Dark Color for shades
• Indigo for pale motive
• Reactive dyes for brighter color

In Cirebon has two place which made “Batik Trusmi” that is Trusmi Barat and Trusmi Timur villages, both the north of Panembahan.... Trusmi and around villages have long been famous as “batik” centers....
Now we look Trusmi Barat,, the production process starting with copying the “batik” pattern from tracing paper on the cloth to be “batik”.... Next is the batik process using “canting” and “malam”,, followed by dyeing with the compatible color,, and then the cloth is air – dried in ,,the sun.... The last step is “nglorod”,, in which the wax adhering to the cloth is removed by boiling the cloth in soda solution....
The same process do in Trusmi Timur....

The Thriving Jakarta Theatre Scene.....

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Now this maybe the part where you watch many kinds of Drama, The place is Jakarta Theatre Scene.



• Gedung Kesenian...
If we look for the design of “Gedung Kesenian” which was completely renovated with styling of old Batavia seems the unlike of place for theatre.... The sparkling white façade of the building can describe as a Colonial Mansion... With its complicated design wall, white pillars holding up the roof of the Mansion... The interior of the theatre is modern and charming, “Gedung Kesenian” has sits for audience of around 800... The interior is well maintained and display of traditional Indonesian design elements and acoustics making it very useful theatre space....



• Taman Ismail Marzuki – Intenational Modern Theatre in Jakarta...
“Taman Ismail Marzuki” located in Cikini area, has two exhibition halls,, an academy of arts and planetarium... Because that “Taman Ismail Marzuki” is the heart of the Jakarta performing arts scene... “Taman Ismail Marzuki” is different with “Gedung Kesenian” and provides a variety of options... “Taman Ismail Marzuki” has two theatre that is the “Graha Bakti” theatre and the “Teater Kecil”... The “Graha Bakti” theatre older than “Gedung Kesenian”,, while the “Teater Kecil” a very modern and technologically theatre... The third theatre name is “Grand Theatre” is still under construction but looks like very fantastic... With its large,, very modern,, sleek glass and metal exterior that increases the image of the theatre....

Kind of Crafts

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In tourism not only about place but also about crafts…. Know I want to tell about several crafts from several place,,, If you go to Surakarta,,, beauty of “Wayang Surakarta” can made as gift brought back from a trip for wall decoration… For design “Wayang Surakarta” different with “Wayang Yogyakarta….. “Wayang Surakarta” usually use Prada painting until looks elegant… This color cover the complement color like red,,, green,,, orange and blue… “Wayang Yogyakarta” dominate with complement color…. You can get “Wayang Surakarta” in “Desa Duwet”,,, Klaten… Several boutique and crafts shop in Solo sell this “Wayang”….. Coloring “Wayang Surakarta” use acrylic paint….
In Surakarta has cupboard glass from Samidi Glass & Craft production…. Samidi Glass & Craft offer many kinds shape of glass furniture…. As Venetian Mirror craft,,,, the product combine between elegant style from Europe and beauty craft from Java……




Indonesian should proud because has “Batik” as the main craft…..
Because the factory from Germany that is “Adidas” make sneaker shoes with “Batik” motive…. For men shoes the color of “Batik” motive is dark brown…. And for ladies shoes made with more soft color… “Adidas Seri Materials of the World” inspired by archipelago Indonesian culture,,, “Adidas” use motive of “Batik” from Java,,,, this product is limited edition….

All About Solo

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Solo has place to eat the name is Galabo,,, Many traditional food sale in Galabo… Not only in Galabo but also all along Major Sunaryo road,,, many traditional food sale in there such as sate,,, gulai Solo,,, thengkleng,,, gudheg ceker,,, sosis Solo,,, wedang rondhe until seafood…. Every Saturday night we will entertained with live music…..
Solo also offer the crafts like batik,,, the tourist can see how batik was made,,, begin make the design until painting…. Kauman and Laweyan is the biggest “Kampung Batik” in Solo since the Dutch times…. Everyone can visit and look the worker in batik…. Previously just place for Keraton family reserve batik,,, but know Kauman grow become “Kampung Batik” where many batik enterprises also born and grow... Pasar Klewer


is the biggest textile wholesaler in Indonesia… Pasar Klewer located in East of Kauman,,, that’s make the houses in Kauman has many function,,, for live,,, for home industry,,, for batik store and home stay for tourist…. 5-6 kilometer from Pasar Klewer is Laweyan,,, “Kampung Laweyan” is more older than “Kampung Kauman”…. Solo also has Batik Danar Hadi Museum,,, in there the tourist can see all kinds of batik… Begin “Batik Tulis” until printing batik and the tourist can buy them…. Visitors must pay 15 thousand rupiah for coming to museum and see the process of batik work,,, after that we can shopping….
Solo has Balekambang Park which has function as green area… The park was completed with many facilities likes play ground for children,,, bicycle area and swimming pool….

Sell the threat of Krakatau Mountain....

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Krakatau is a legend about volcano terror... 125 years ago Krakatau was become erupt of volcano and that make tsunami, the height is 40 meters which destroy West Java,, make the Europe darkness,, many people was dead. But now that story just be a reminded...The blue sea,, with the clear weather make Krakatau look enchant, because that the Krakatau become tourism object...
We can headed for Krakatau on ship, or on a plane,, from Lampung to Bakauheni harbor we must go during two hours by bus... Then use the ship during two hours for arrive in Krakatau.,,
The tourist enjoy the view of Krakatau on ship... The government prepare the ship for tourist who want enjoy “Asap Krakatau” archipelago,,, of course the tourist must paid for that.. In the world, name of Krakatau equal with Bali, but talk about tourism, krakatau not yet likes Bali. .But now was here already the travel consortium... The consortium as a purpose to increase tourist who come Krakatau...Many kinds of activity we can do there. In Krakatau we will invite along to see the dolphin in Kiluan Bay,,not just that we can fishing, diving, and snorkeling in Sebesi Island. Activity of Karakatau is wonderful, if night was arrive,, a little explosion from activity of Krakatau looks like a giant sparkler. And of course that become the power of attraction from Krakatau....

Tourism in Yogyakarta

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Malioboro is the heart of Yogyakarta.... Malioboro was famous in the world, many trader sale they think such as souvenir and handycraft.... In Malioboro area many other place can visit like Siti Inggil Keraton Yogyakarta,,,, Beringharjo Traditional Market,,, Bastion Vrederburg,,,,Gedong Senisono,,,, Sono Budoyo Museum,,,ext..... To get place for spend the night in Malioboro area is easy,,, from a simple hotel until luxurious hotel....Besides that we can enjoy the special food from Yogyakarta in small shop all around the Malioboro road.... Begin from gudeg,,,, fried chicken,,,, Padang food,,,, Chinese food and the other....When enjoy the food we can hear the music from the trader and from many singing beggar,,,, begin just bring the guitar until bring complete music instrument.... That a flash about Malioboro.... Yogyakarta also has Parangtritis,,,, that well known of a beautiful view and also with many kinds of estate historical.... In complex of Parangtritis has Parangtritis and Parngkusumo beach and Gembirowati highland.... Parangkusumo has water warm reservoir which can cure many kinds of disease.,,,,in there also has mussel handycraft,,,,... International Queen of South Hotel. That a little about tourism in Yogyakarta....